"I Need A Doctor" - Dr. Dre Song Analysis

As promised, here's an analysis of this weeks #1 song according to The Ultimate Chart, and it's "I Need A Doctor" from Dr. Dre featuring Eminem and Skylar Grey. We'll break the song down into four parts - song, arrangement, sound and performance.

The Song - It doesn't matter what genre of music, a hit is a hit and they all closely follow a form. "I Need A Doctor" is no exception. This form uses chorus as an intro, followed by a verse, chorus, verse, chorus, bridge, and last verse with a final chorus. This is just about as close to a formula form as you can get.

The Arrangement - There are 4 elements always in the mix (see yesterday's post for an explanation of arrangement elements). In the verse, chorus (except the intro) and bridge, the foundation of the track is held down by the drums, and the rhythm is by the right hand of the piano. In the intro and verses, the pad can be attributed to the left hand of the piano playing whole notes. In the chorus, the bass acts more as the pad (which is opposite from most songs where the bass is part of the foundation of the song). The lead element is held down by Eminem and Dre in the verses and Skylar Gray in the chorus.

The arrangement development is also classic, with the intro fairly sparse with only piano and vocal and sound effects, and the verse sees the introduction of the drums and an additional synth on top of the piano. The chorus gets very big with the introduction of the bass and the 3 part harmony. The bridge adds an additional pad element with the introduction of a high synth pedal note, then it drops down to a sparse last chorus which Dre raps.

The Sound - For the last 10 years or so the sound of most records was very much dry and in your face, but "I Need A Doctor" returns to the bigger sound of 70's and 80's. The drums are John Bonham-like huge (almost too big for the record, especially the kick), and as a result, the other instruments have to be a lot smaller to fit into the mix. The vocals are drenched in delay and a long reverb, which is a welcome return to slicker sound from long ago.

The Performance - Eminem just smokes this song. You can feel his passion, his heat, his aggression jump right through the speakers at you. Skylar Grey is one of those vocalists that sings well with herself and the harmonies sound bigger than just stacked parts as a result.

Like most hits, "I Need A Doctor" is a twist on a well-used formula that never lets the listener down.

Send me your suggestions for other songs to analyze.

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The 5 Elements Of A Great Arrangement

Many of you who clicked on the videos on my recent posts containing the isolated tracks of Eric Clapton and Paul McCartney on "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", or the isolated vocal tracks of In My Life noticed that the videos were no longer there, thanks to a take-down order from EMI. Many other tracks on other posts by The Beatles, Stones and others have also been restricted.

I love these isolated tracks and I know that you do too, but understand that the record label owns the copyright to the recordings, and any posting without their permission violates that copyright.

Also understand that I don't actually post any of these tracks. I don't personally have them in my possession, for those of you who've asked me to email them to you. All of the isolated track videos can be found on YouTube, but more and more the labels are forcing the poster to take them down right away, even though you can make a case that there's a fair use issue since they're intended for educational purposes.

Since the analysis of these tracks seem to be very popular with my readers, I'm going to try something new - every week I'll analyze a song or two that's either in the current top 10, or something that I get a request for.

Before we look at the first song, I thought it best to give a bit of an overview of the 5 elements of a great arrangement. The following explanation is an excerpt from my book How To Make Your Band Sound Great, but there's also something similar pertaining more to mixing in The Mixing Engineer's Handbook too.
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Most well conceived arrangements are limited in the number of elements that occur at the same time. An element can be a single instrument like a lead guitar or a vocal, or it can be a group of instruments like the bass and drums, a doubled guitar line, a group of backing vocals, etc. Generally, a group of instruments playing exactly the same rhythm is considered an element. Examples: a doubled lead guitar or doubled vocal is a single element, as is a lead vocal with two additional harmonies. Two lead guitars playing different parts are two elements, however. A lead and a rhythm guitar are two separate elements as well.

Foundation - The Rhythm Section. The foundation is usually the bass and drums, but can also include a rhythm guitar and/or keys if they’re playing the same rhythmic figure as the rhythm section. Occasionally, as in the case of power trios , the Foundation element will only consist of drums since the bass will usually have to play a different rhythm figure to fill out the sound, so it becomes it’s own element.

Pad - A Pad is a long sustaining note or chord. In the days before synthesizers, a Hammond Organ provided the best pad and was joined later by the Fender Rhodes. Synthesizers now provide the majority of pads but real strings or a guitar power chord can also suffice.

Rhythm - Rhythm is any instrument that plays counter to the Foundation element. This can be a double time shaker or tambourine, a rhythm guitar strumming on the backbeat, or congas playing a Latin feel. The Rhythm element is used to add motion and excitement to the track.

Lead - A lead vocal, lead instrument or solo.

Fills - Fills generally occur in the spaces between Lead lines, or can be a signature line. You can think of a Fill element as an answer to the Lead.


Most arrangements have these 5 elements, but very rarely are they all present at the same time. Any more than 5 elements at the same time is confusing to the listener.

So keep the above in mind as we start our analysis in the next post, and send me the songs you'd like me to analyze.

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A Look At 2010 Music Sales

One thing that puts the music business in perspective is a look at the sales. Although Nielson Soundscan's numbers aren't the be-all, end-all, they do provide a pretty good idea of what's going on in our business. Here are a few fun facts about US music sales for 2010. The percentages are against those of 2009.

  * Overall Album Sales - 326.2 million units; down 12.7%
  * Physical Album Sales - 240 million; down 19%
  * Digital Album Sales - 86.3 million; up 13%

  * Digital Track Sales: 1.172 billion; up 1%
  * LP/Vinyl Sales: 2.8 million; up 14%

  * Digital formats accounted for 46% of all music purchases; up 40%
  * Digital album sales accounted for 26% of all album purchases; up 20%

If you look at the sales numbers, you very well can get the feeling that the industry is heading off a cliff, but there is a bright side. There were over 326 million albums sold (240 million of them CDs), and over a billion digital singles. That's still a huge amount of music that's being consumed. So while the numbers may never be what they were, it's still a huge business that's far from dead.

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Finding The Best Place In The Room To Record

It's time for an excerpt from a new book I wrote with Rich Tozzoli called "The Ultimate Guitar Tone Handbook." The book tries the resolve the many questions that every guitar player has in his quest for the ultimate tone. We try to give you some background on why instruments, amplifiers and effects sound the way they do, then provide some guitar recording and production techniques so you can capture that great sound that you hear.

Here's a brief excerpt from the Electric Guitar Miking Techniques chapter. Not only does it apply to amplifiers, but to acoustic guitars, vocals, and any other instrument. To read more excerpts, go to the book excerpts page on my official website.
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As we said in Chapter 5, the room can make a big difference in the sound of a guitar amp, especially if it has an open-back. That’s why it’s best to find the place in the room that’s acoustically beneficial to the sound if possible.

When you’re tracking with other players (especially a rhythm section), finding the best room placement is secondary to leakage concerns and player sight lines, unless you can place the amp in an iso booth. You try to capture the sound as best as you can, but there’s a good chance that you might have to replace it later.

That brings us to overdubs, which is where we concentrate on the sound of the guitar the most. Here are some considerations in finding the best placement in the room. Keep in mind that the following ideas work equally well for amps or acoustic instruments.

What you’re looking for is a spot where the amp or acoustic instrument sounds relatively live without the environment acting as a detriment to the sound. Try these following steps to find the best placement in the room:

• It’s usually best to stay out of a corner. The corner normally causes “bass loading”, meaning that the low frequencies will be increased causing low notes to boom. When you’re tracking, this can also lead to sympathetic tom ringing and snare buzzing on the drum kit. 

• Test the room by walking around and clapping your hands. That’s a good way to find a place in the room that has a nice even reverb decay. If the clap has a “boing” to it (a funny overtone), then so will the sound of your amp or acoustic instrument, so it’s best to try another place in the room where it will hopefully sound smoother. If you can’t find a place without a boing, place the amp where it sounds the smoothest and try putting some padding or something soft on one side wall to break up any standing waves.

• Ideally, you don’t want to be too close to a wall. The reflections (or absorption if the wall is soft) can change the sound of the amp or acoustic instrument, especially if you’re using an open-back combo amp. The middle of the room usually works best.

• Ideally, you want to be at the place in the room where the ceiling height is the highest. If the ceiling is vaulted, try placing your amp or acoustic instrument in the middle of the vault first, then move it as needed.

• Whatever you do, stay away from glass if you can. Glass will give you the most unwanted reflections of just about any material. If you have no choice because of the way the room or the band is situated, try setting up the amp at a 45° angle to the glass.

• Try putting a rug under the amp or acoustic instrument. A rug stops any reflections off the floor, which can sometimes have a negative impact on the overall sound. On the other hand, sometimes the reflections from a hard floor can enhance the sound. Try it both ways and choose.

• Try placing your amp on a chair or road case. Because the amp isn’t coupling directly with the floor, there are fewer phase cancellations on the low end so the sound will be more direct and distinct. Acoustic foam like Auralex works as well.

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ColdPlay's Band Rules

Coldplay was on a segment of 60 Minutes a while back and during the interview, there was a closeup of their "band rules" posted on the wall of their rehearsal studio. While they all may not apply to all bands, some of these rules are definitely universal.

If these points are good enough for Coldplay, they're good enough for you too. Here are some of the rules as they appeared in the shot. My comments in italics.

1. Albums be no longer than 42 minutes, 9 tracks. (Yes, please. This should be a commandment, not a rule).

2. Production must be amazing, but with space, not overlayered, less tracks, more quality, groove and swing. Drums/rhythm are the most crucial thing to concentrate on; diff. between bittersweet and science of silence. (This is a reference to The Verve and singer Richard Ashcroft's solo effort).

3. Computers are instruments, not recording aids. (Most people think of these the other way around).

4. Imagery must be classic, colourful and different. Come back in glorious technicolor.

5. Make sure videos and pictures are great before setting release date. And highly original.

6. Always keep mystery. Not many interviews.

7. Groove and swing. Rhythms and sounds must always be as original as possible. Once jon has melody twist it and weird it sonical.

8. Promo/review copies to be on VINYL. Stops copying problem, sounds and looks better.

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"Crazy Train" Ozzy - Isolated Guitar Track

There are not many guitar players who make an instant mark on the music world, but Randy Rhoads was one of them. With the most amazingly fluid style since Eddie Van Halen, Randy's work with Ozzy Osbourne helped bring Ozzy back from obscurity. Here's the first (and some say still the best) single that Ozzy released after his break from Black Sabbath, the isolated guitar track from "Crazy Train" from the  1980 Blizzard of Oz album. Here are some things to listen for (it doesn't begin until about 20 seconds in).

1) The guitars are a true double, split left and right, with the parts played slightly differently. The chords are on the left side while most of the single note pedal is on the right. It's amazing that he can double some of the licks and harmonics so well.

2) The guitar sound is very basic, with just a short room sound used as ambience.

3) You can hear a punch on the left side at about 2;15 and at the solo at 2;50.

4) The solo is written and again doubled very effectively, making it sound a lot bigger as a result.

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Band Rules For The Road

Noah Mintz posted a brilliant piece on his Facebook page called Band Rules To Abide By that was originally written by Brendan Canning with help from Noah and Mark Bartkiw.

Let's face it, no matter what kind of music you play or whether you're in a band from the 50's, 70's, 90's, or 2020, there are some experiences on the road that are timeless. This post nicely illustrates many of them, although some of the items are a bit too inside the band to understand.

My favorites:

1a) Never take directions verbatim; interpretation is the key, especially when dealing with cute young hippie girls, stoned lads and/or lasses...Americans in general.

2b) All You Can Eat – not necessarily a good thing (more often than not a bad thing).

2e) Seafood – best to stay away from when the nearest body of water cannot be seen.

3a) Never trust someone who says:
• “Dude, I got tons of room, plenty of couches.”
• “Don't worry, my husband is away on business.”
• “I love singers...I mean really.”
• “My roommates won't stay up too late.”
• “Dude, you gotta hear our new demo. It kicks ass!”

4d) Be wary of these phrases:
• “Well, after I found God...”
• “Would you like to go for a coffee?” (At 2AM)
• “Wanna see my suit of armour?”
• “Have you seen my crack pipe around?”
• “No, I'm not hungover. I think I'm getting sick.”
• “Whad'ya mean? She was at least fifteen.”
• “So what? You's guys don't wake and bake?”

5a) Always ask how long coffee has been sitting for.
b) Try to keep to a maximum of four cups per day.

7c) Beware of signs that say:
• “Leave Biker Colours Outside”
• “Ladies Drink for Free (and/or any other Ladies Nite gimmicks)”
• “No Confetti Allowed”
• “No Gays”
• “NRA Member”
• “Drink Specials All Night”

8d) If the band sucks, but they're nice, here are some handy phrases to help you get by:
• “You guys were really tight!”
• “Wicked light show!”
• “Wow! You guys were really loud!”
• “The sound was great.”
• “Sorry I missed your set but I had the trots.”
• “Sorry I missed your set. How did it go?”
• “Sorry I missed your set but the server at the restaurant was so slow.”
• “Oh man, I didn't realize you were going on so early. Shit!”
• “Hey, how was the sound on stage?”
• “Did you have fun?”

Read the entire list on Noah's Facebook page.

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You should follow me on Twitter for daily news and updates on production and the music business.

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The Doyle Bramhall II Interview - Part 2

Here's the second half of the interview with guitarist Doyle Bramhall II from an episode of the Guitar Universe show that I co-produce. Part 1 was posted here about a month ago.

Doyle has played with everyone from Stevie Ray Vaughan to Roger Waters to Eric Clapton to his own band the Arc Angels, as well as being a solo artist himself. What I like about this part of the interview is that he talks about how he got some of those gigs, which shows the typical way these things sometimes work.

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"In My Life" Beatles - Isolated Vocals

Here's the isolated vocals to one of my favorite songs, The Beatles "In My Life" from their Rubber Soul album. I'm pretty sure the isolated track is taken from Beatles: Rock Band, but that still doesn't diminish how cool it is to hear the vocals pretty much stripped away from the backing track. 

That being said, the backing track was extremely basic anyway (it was Take 3 of 3), with just guitar, drums and bass without any sweeting except for the piano solo. Here are some things to listen for.

1) Once again, the vocal blend of John, Paul and George shines. In my experience, vocal blend takes longer to come together than instrumental blend, and it's a big reason why you don't hear this kind of vocal sound much anymore. Unless you're singing together night after night, as the boys did in their years in Hamburg, you won't sound like this.

2) The interesting thing is this kind of blend can be rather forgiving in terms of singing in tune. Even if you're a little off, it's not as noticeable as when you have no blend at all. Listen to the first set of "oo's" behind Lennon's lead vocal. It's a little shaky but you don't notice unless you listen really hard.

3) I love the piano solo in that the tape was obviously slowed down, which made it sound like a harpsichord, so the part could be easily played (especially the run at the end of it). Producer George Martin originally played this solo on the Hammond organ, but didn't feel that the sound worked for the song so he replaced it with piano.


Sorry everyone, but every time I embed one of these great videos, EMI takes them down, even though it can be argued that they're being used for educational purposes under Fair Use. 

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You should follow me on Twitter for daily news and updates on production and the music business.

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Last Day For The Ultimate Guitar Tone Handbook Giveaway

Last day to enter to win a copy of The Ultimate Guitar Tone Handbook.

My latest book (co-authored with Rich Tozzoli) provides an intensive overview of why electric and acoustic guitars, amplifiers, speaker cabinets, and effects, sound the way they do, and shows you how to get the sound you've been searching for. Also loaded with recording and production tips, interviews, and a DVD.

Click here to enter.

Dave Grohl's Analog Home Studio

For those of you who haven't experienced analog recording before, and for those of you old schoolers who only fondly remember it, here's an interesting look at the temporary home studio that Foo Fighter frontman and former Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl set up to record their latest as yet untitled record.

Even though the Foos have a state-of-the-art facility not far from Dave's house, producer Butch Vig wanted more of a "primal" sound that only a garage can provide, so they set up a small API console and a couple of Studer A820 24 track tape decks and off they went.

You won't hear any music on the following video, but it's a pretty good overview of the way recording used to be (except for the tour of the refrigerator - I could've done without that).

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The Physical Effects Of Music

There was a great article recently on truefire.com by Charlie Doom about "The 7 Effects Of Music On The Body." You can read the entire article for yourself, but I thought repeating a few of the more stunning facts would be appropriate.

• A Canadian study found that listening to music at levels of 95+dB SPL can reduce your mental and physical reaction times by up to 20%. This supposedly only applies to operating heavy machinery (like a car), but you can probably expect your car insurance to go up if the insurance company discovers that your hobby is "car audio."

• When the SPL level in a bar goes to 88dB, patrons drink at least one more beer during their stay, according to a French study. This explains why the juke boxes and background music is always so loud.

• The human heart automatically tries to synchronize its beat with the tempo of a song, according to several studies. OK, that explains hit pop songs but what about punk music?

• Music acts like a drug, according to some German research, in that it increases your level of seratonin when you hear music that you like. Seratonin is a neurotransmitter responsible for "good feelings." That's no surprise to most musicians, who already know they're hard-core junkies for the music they love. Of course, listening to unpleasant music has the opposite effect.

We inherently know that music is extremely powerful. Now there's true scientific research to validate what we already knew.

Click here to read the entire "7 Little Known Effects of Music on the Body" article.

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You should follow me on Twitter for daily news and updates on production and the music business.

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